TRIPLE OBJECTIVE OPTIMIZATION OF CYTOTOXIC POTENCY OF HUMAN CARCINOMA CELL LINES OF A MARINE MACROALGAE USING NON-SORTING GENETIC ALGORITHM–A THEORETICAL STUDY

Objective: The main purpose of our work was to arrive at an acceptable model for optimizing the cytotoxic potency of Ulva fasciata Delile extract on human carcinoma cell lines of which can provide believable indications as compared to experimental results.Methods: The experimental result for cytotoxic potency of a methanolic extract of the Ulva fasciata Delile (MEUF) with a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay against human colon carcinoma (HT-29), human hepatocyte carcinoma (Hep-G2), and human breast carcinoma (MCF-7) cell lines was used to carry out a multi-objective (triple objective) optimization. Thirty non-dominating solutions were considered for analyses of absorbance (y1), % cell survival (y2) and% cell inhibition (y3) data.Results: The model developed using non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA) was compared with data obtained experimentally and the results were found to be significant. This method has distinct advantages over other methods which relied heavily on statistical-regression-models, in the sense that it does triple-objective optimization. The resulted in obtaining solutions which were not only significant or believable, but it also corroborated well with experimental results. Thus the solutions obtained during optimization provided the necessary data for generating a successful model.Conclusion: The solutions obtained by NSGA method helped to build an acceptable model for optimizing the cytotoxic potency of Ulva fasciata Delile on human carcinoma cell lines

IMIDACLOPRID TOXICITY AND ITS ATTENUATION BY AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF MORINGA OLEIFERA LEAF IN ZEBRA FISH, DANIO RERIO

Objective: Imidacloprid (IMC) is a systemic chloro-nicotinyl insecticide that is applied in crop fields to control a wide variety of harmful insects and pests. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the mitigating effects of Moringa leaf extract (MLE) against Imidacloprid (IMC) induced mortality after acute toxicity bioassay in zebrafish, Danio rerio. Methods: The fishes were exposed to various concentrations of IMC to estimate the LC50 values at different exposure periods using the probit analysis. To assess the attenuating effect on mortality fishes were exposed to different concentrations of MLE along with 24 and 96 h LC50 of IMC. Mortality rate of fishes was recorded during all experimental periods. Results: The LC50 values were found to be 0.423, 0.352, 0.297 and 0.270 ml/l after 24, 48, 72 and 96 h respectively. The upper confidence limits were 0.491, 0.408, 0.334 and 0.302 ml/l and lower confidence limits were 0.355, 0.296, 0.260 and 0.238 ml/l for 24, 48, 72 and 96 h respectively. The fishes remain alive at 12 ml/l and 10 ml/l of MLE against 24 and 96 h LC50 respectively. Some behavioral responses such as violent, sluggish and erratic movement, respiratory distress, mucous secretion all over the body, discoloration were also observed in IMC treated fishes in comparison to MLE treated fishes. Conclusion: These findings demonstrated that MLE has mitigating effects against the toxic influence of IMC on mortality in zebra fishes which is attributed to its antioxidant effects

Cr-Submanifolds of a Nearly Hyperbolic Kenmotsu Manifold Admitting a Quater Symmetric Metric Connection

ABSTRACT We consider a nearly hyperbolic Kenmotsu manifold with a quarter symmetric metric connection and study CRsubmanifolds of a nearly hyperbolic Kenmotsu manifold with quarter symmetric metric connection. We also study parallel distributions on nearly hyperbolic Kenmotsu manifold with quarter symmetric metric connection and find the integrability conditions of some distributions on nearly hyperbolic Kenmotsu manifold with quarter symmetric metric connection

Simulation and Analysis of Triggering Based Single Phase Bridge Type Cycloconverter

Power electronics converters, especially cycloconverter & IGBT have been extending their range of use in industry because they provide reduced energy consumption, better system efficiency, improved quality of product and good maintenance. The cycloconverter has been traditionally used only in very high power drives, usually above one megawatt where no other type of drives can be used. The traditional cycloconverter requires a large number of thyristors with a very complex control circuit. But here simple triggering pulse generator based cycloconverter has developed with the help of IGBT. The cycloconverter has four IGBT comprises of a positive and negative bank. When positive current flows in the load, the output voltage is controlled by phase control of the two positive bank IGBT while the negative bank IGBT are kept off and vice versa when negative current flows in the load. In this paper the simulink model of single phase bridge types cycloconverter has simulated and analyzed that the output response of cycloconverter is two and four times to input response of cycloconverter

Blockchain-based electronic health record system for efficient Covid-19 pandemic management

Electronic Health Record (EHR) is being used in most healthcare institutions to preserve and share health records instead of a paper-based method. Data records must be exchanged amongst various parties and users' privileges to manage access to their records should also be provided. In addition to the basic standards of secrecy, confidentiality and integrity of information, these facts further demonstrate the need for interoperability and consumer control to access their personal data. Electronic Health Record (EHR) system faces issues of protection of data, trust and management issues. In recent Covid-19 pandemic, various applications, tools and websites were launched that stores records. Also, many personal records related to health need to be shared among different parties for early detection, contact tracing, monitoring and the future prediction that requires accurate and reliable data. Simultaneously, the citizens will be hesitant in providing their personal details due to privacy concerns and social stigma. Blockchain technology has arisen as a powerful technology that can offer the immutability, confidentiality and user access properties of stored information and provided distributed storage. This paper analyses the blockchain suitability in EHR and its further applications in efficient Covid-19 pandemic management

Protective effect of Arque-Ajeeb on acute experimental diarrhoea in rats

BACKGROUND: Diarrhoea is a major health problem for children worldwide, accounting for 5–8 million deaths each year. Arque-Ajeeb (AA) is a compound formulation of Unani medicine. It is reputed for its beneficial effects in the treatment of diarrhoea and cholera, but the claim of its efficacy is yet to be tested. Therefore the present study has been planned to investigate the real efficacy of this drug in rats. METHODS: The effect of Arque-Ajeeb was investigated for antidiarrhoeal activity against charcoal-induced gut transit, serotonin-induced diarrhoea and PGE(2)-induced small intestine enteropooling in rats. The control, standard and test groups of experimental animals were administered with normal saline (p.o.), diphenoxylate hydrochloride (5 mg/kg, p.o.) and Arque-Ajeeb (0.07 ml and 0.14 ml/kg, p.o.) respectively except the control group of PGE(2)-induced small intestine enteropooling which received only 5% ethanol in normal saline (i.p.). Charcoal (10 ml/kg, p.o.) and serotonin (600 μg/kg, i.p.) were administered after 30 min, while PGE(2 )(100 μg/kg, p.o.) was administered immediately afterwards. The distance traveled by charcoal in small intestine was measured after 15 and 30 min of charcoal administration, diarrhoea was observed every 30-min for six hour after serotonin administration and the volume of intestinal fluid was measured after 30 min of PGE(2 )administration. RESULTS: Arque-Ajeeb (0.07 ml and 0.14 ml/kg) significantly inhibited the frequency of defaecation and decreased the propulsion of charcoal meal through the gastrointestinal tract, reduced the wetness of faecal droppings in serotonin-induced diarrhoea and also reduced the PGE(2)-induced small intestine enteropooling. CONCLUSION: Arque-Ajeeb may have potential to reduce the diarrhoea in rats. Thus the drug may prove to be an alternate remedy in diarrhoea

Information technology (IT) based intervention among individuals with ASD (autism spectrum disorder): A review

The aim of this article is to provide systematic analysis of studies using ICT (information and Communication Technology) tools as intervention. These tools are categorized into two categories: (a) assessment tools and (b) Intervention tools. This review gives a brief description about the technological features and the functionality related to it. The intervention tools assist in enhancing cognitive and social abilities of the individual with ASD. Here we try to identify the latest advancement by reviewing these related articles and recommend future direction of extended research work

Neurotoxicity of aluminium chloride and okadaic acid in zebrafish: insights into alzheimer's disease models through anxiety and locomotion testing, and acute toxicity assessment with Litsea garciae bark's methanolic extract

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complicated neurodegenerative disorder that presents significant challenges for the development of effective therapeutic interventions. Understanding disease mechanisms and exploring potential treatments require the use of animal models that accurately replicate the pathology of AD. In this study, we investigated the potential of two neurotoxin inducers, aluminium chloride (AlCl3) and okadaic acid (OKA), to validate the zebrafish as a model organism for AD. AD can impact locomotor activity and induce anxiety-like behaviors. To assess these behaviors, a 6-minute novel tank test was conducted. Zebrafish were administered with low, medium, or high doses of neurotoxic agent (AlCl3 or OKA) intraperitoneally twice weekly for 21 days. Behavioral activities were recorded at three time points: day 7 (short duration), day 14 (moderate duration), and day 21 (extended duration). The behavioral task required the evaluation of four endpoints. Methanolic extract of Litsea garciae bark was selected as a potential plant for the treatment of AD in this study, based on its previously demonstrated antioxidant effect. However, the acute toxicity of this plant has not been previously assessed. Therefore, this research was aimed to investigate the acute toxicity of the L. garciae bark’s methanolic extract in adult zebrafish. The extract was immersed in a static system following OECD Test Guideline No. 203, and the acute toxicity test involved monitoring the adult zebrafish for 96 h for any deaths or apparent abnormalities. Regarding the behavioural task, the groups induced with 100 nM of OKA demonstrated significant differences in all measured parameters compared to the control group at the 21-day time point. In contrast, none of the parameters were significantly different between the AlCl3-induced groups and the control group at any of the three time points (7, 14, or 21 days). Regarding acute toxicity, neither the test group (100 mg/L) nor the control group recorded any deaths or abnormalities. Therefore, no LC50 value could be determined. These findings confirm the acceptance of OKA as an inducer in the zebrafish model of AD and highlight the significance of the safe and non-toxic nature of L. garciae bark's methanolic extract for future ethnopharmacological investigations

Neurotoxicity of aluminium chloride and okadaic acid in zebrafish: Insights into Alzheimer's disease models through anxiety and locomotion testing, and acute toxicity assessment with Litsea garciae bark's methanolic extract

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complicated neurodegenerative disorder that presents significant challenges for the development of effective therapeutic interventions. Understanding disease mechanisms and exploring potential treatments require the use of animal models that accurately replicate the pathology of AD. In this study, we investigated the potential of two neurotoxin inducers, aluminium chloride (AlCl3) and okadaic acid (OKA), to validate the zebrafish as a model organism for AD. AD can impact locomotor activity and induce anxiety-like behaviors. To assess these behaviors, a 6-minute novel tank test was conducted. Zebrafish were administered with low, medium, or high doses of neurotoxic agent (AlCl3 or OKA) intraperitoneally twice weekly for 21 days. Behavioral activities were recorded at three time points: day 7 (short duration), day 14 (moderate duration), and day 21 (extended duration). The behavioral task required the evaluation of four endpoints. Methanolic extract of Litsea garciae bark was selected as a potential plant for the treatment of AD in this study, based on its previously demonstrated antioxidant effect. However, the acute toxicity of this plant has not been previously assessed. Therefore, this research was aimed to investigate the acute toxicity of the L. garciae bark’s methanolic extract in adult zebrafish. The extract was immersed in a static system following OECD Test Guideline No. 203, and the acute toxicity test involved monitoring the adult zebrafish for 96 h for any deaths or apparent abnormalities. Regarding the behavioural task, the groups induced with 100 nM of OKA demonstrated significant differences in all measured parameters compared to the control group at the 21-day time point. In contrast, none of the parameters were significantly different between the AlCl3-induced groups and the control group at any of the three time points (7, 14, or 21 days). Regarding acute toxicity, neither the test group (100 mg/L) nor the control group recorded any deaths or abnormalities. Therefore, no LC50 value could be determined. These findings confirm the acceptance of OKA as an inducer in the zebrafish model of AD and highlight the significance of the safe and non-toxic nature of L. garciae bark's methanolic extract for future ethnopharmacological investigations